大尺蠖核多角体病毒DNA的限制性消化和物理图谱

用5种限制性核酸内切酶消化大尺蠖核多角体病毒(BsNPV)基因组DNA,所得片段数分别是:BamH Ⅰ,9;Bgl Ⅱ,7;Xho Ⅰ,10;HindⅢ 13;EcoR Ⅰ,12,从各个片段的累加测出BsNPV基因组的平均大小约为91,75kb;分子量约为59.60×10~6d。在单酶消化的基础上,用BamH Ⅰ/Bgl Ⅱ双酶消化得到16个片段(即9+7);大小为91,27kb,用、Bgl Ⅱ/Xho Ⅰ双酶消化产生7+10=17个片段,大小为90.04kb,由此组建了这三个酶在BsNPV基因组上的物理图谱。     

猪垂体总mRNA的提取、鉴定及其cDNA的合成

 用改进的LiCl沉淀法和寡聚(dT)-纤维素亲和层析法由猪垂体制得总mRNA。在兔网织红细胞无细胞翻译体系中进行体外翻译的结果表明,制得的总mRNA具有一定的翻译活力。翻译产物与兔抗猪生长激素抗血清发生免疫沉淀,沉淀物占总翻译产物的10％左右。SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的结果表明翻译产物有一条很深的带,分子量约为24,000道尔顿,与猪前生长激素的分子量相近。以制备的mRNA为模板反转录合成了双链cDNA。第一链的合成产率为10—35％,第二链的合成产率为84—115％。cDNA的平均分子长度为825bp。     

鄂中一些被子植物硅化木研究

本文研究了我国首次在长江北岸,湖北省新洲县发现的新生代晚第三纪大戟科、豆科和樟科的被子植物硅化木。这些硅化木的发现和鉴定,反映了该地区当时较为炎热潮湿的气候环境,并为长江流域新生代的地质、古气候、古地理、古生物群演变等方面的研究,提供了论据。     

Factors Affecting Plant Regeneration from Tissue Cultures of Chinese Leymus (Leymus chinensis)

Chinese leymus (Leymus chinensis Trin.) is a perennial grass of the Gramineae, which is widely distributed in China, Mongolia and in Russian-Siberian. In order to explore the potential of biotechnology for genetic improvement of this forage grass, an efficient tissue culture system was established and the factors affecting plant regeneration were evaluated. Immature inflorescence segments 3–5 mm in length from eight accessions were cultured on N6 medium supplemented with 2.26–22.60 µM 2,4-D. The callus induction frequency ranged from 72.11 to 82.19%. Shoots were differentiated from the calli on N6 medium containing 4.65 µM kinetin and 4.44 µM BA. Viable regenerants were developed on hormone-free medium. Normal plants were obtained after natural vernalization in the field. The plant regeneration frequency in Chinese leymus was associated with different genotypes and different combinations of growth regulators in medium. The concentration of 2,4-D in the callus induction medium had a strong effect on successive plant regeneration. Relatively higher concentrations of 2,4-D (i.e., 9.04 and 22.60 µM) were more favorable to the plant regeneration than lower ones (i.e., 2.26 and 4.52 µM). This is the first report on plant regeneration in vitro in L. chinensis.     

Antinociceptive effects of [D-Ala2]deltorphin II, a highly selective delta agonist in vivo

The present study has characterized the antinociceptive actions of [D-Ala2]deltorphin II following intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration in the mouse tail-flick test. [D-Ala2]deltorphin II produced dose- and time-related antinociception, with maximal effects at +10 min and significant antinociception which lasted for 40-60 min. [D-Ala2]deltorphin II was 13-fold more potent than i.c.v. [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE), a second highly selective delta agonist, and approximately equipotent with i.c.v. morphine in producing antinociception. The antinociceptive effects of i.c.v. [D-Ala2]deltorphin II and DPDPE, but not those of morphine, were antagonized by the selective delta antagonist, ICI 174,864. In contrast, pretreatment with the non-equilibrium mu antagonist, beta-funaltrexamine blocked morphine antinociception, but failed to antagonize [D-Ala2]deltorphin II and DPDPE antinociception. These data indicate that [D-Ala2]deltorphin II produced its antinociceptive effects at a supraspinal delta receptor. [D-Ala2]deltorphin II appears to be the most appropriate delta opioid agonist currently available for studies in vivo and support the involvement of delta receptors in supraspinal antinociception.     

The conformation of single-stranded nucleic acids tDNA versus tRNA

Conformational analyses using the single-strand-specific nuclease from mung bean and restriction endonucleases have been performed on a series of DNA fragments related to the sequence of the yeast initiator tRNA(Met). Mung bean nuclease cleaves DNA fragments exclusively in some, but not all, single-stranded regions as predicted by RNA secondary structural rules. Comparison of cleavage patterns of yeast initiator tRNA(Met), tDNA(Met) (a DNA oligomer having the sequence of tRNA(Met] and the anti-tDNA(Met) (the complement of tDNA(Met] suggests that the conformation of the three molecules is very similar. Furthermore, both tDNA and anti-tDNA are cleaved by HhaI and CfoI restriction endonucleases at two GCG/C sites which would be in double-stranded regions (the acceptor and dihydrouridine stem), if the two molecules adopt the tRNA cloverleaf structure. On the other hand, minor cleavage products show that the core region, i.e. the extra loop area, is slightly more exposed in tDNA and in anti-tDNA than in tRNA. Therefore, we submit that the global conformation of nucleic acids is primarily dictated by the interaction of purine and pyrimidine bases with atoms and functional groups common to both RNA and DNA. In this view the 2'-hydroxyl group, in tRNA at least, is an auxiliary structural feature whose role is limited to fostering local interactions, which increase the stability of a given conformation.     

Cloning and sequencing of a human pancreatic tumor mucin cDNA

A monospecific polyclonal antiserum against deglycosylated human pancreatic tumor mucin was used to select human pancreatic mucin cDNA clones from a lambda gt11 cDNA expression library developed from a human pancreatic tumor cell line. The full-length 4.4-kilobase mucin cDNA sequence included a 72-base pair 5'-untranslated region and a 307-base pair 3'-untranslated region. The predicted amino acid sequence for this cDNA revealed a protein of 122,071 daltons containing 1,255 amino acid residues of which greater than 60% were serine, threonine, proline, alanine, and glycine. Approximately two-thirds of the protein sequence consisted of identical 20-amino acid tandem repeats which were flanked by degenerate tandem repeats and nontandem repeat sequences on both the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal ends. The amino acid sequence also contained five putative N-linked glycosylation sites, a putative signal sequence and transmembrane domain, and numerous serine and threonine residues (potential O-linked glycosylation sites) outside and within the tandem repeat position. The cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence of the pancreatic mucin sequence was over 99% homologous with a mucin cDNA sequence derived from breast tumor mucin, even though the native forms of these molecules are quite distinct in size and degree of glycosylation.     

The reconciliation behavior of golden monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellanae roxellanae) in small breeding groups

Observations were made following 130 spontaneous aggressive incidents in two small breeding groups of captive golden monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellanae roxellanae). Participants were observed both during the first 10 min following these incidents and during matched control observations. An increased contact rate was observed between opponents following the aggressive incident. Post-conflict contacts were characterized by a number of behavior patterns: open mouth, rapid grooming, embrace, and crouching. Adult males played an important role as mediator in agonistic disputes among females: males intervened in 93.6% of female fights. It is speculated that this intervention behavior is related to the species' organization into one-male units.     

Recycling and desensitization of glucocorticoid receptors in v-mos transformed cells depend on the ability of nuclear receptors to modulate gene expression

In v-mos transformed cells, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) proteins that bind hormone agonist are not efficiently retained within nuclei and redistribute to the cytoplasmic compartment. These cytoplasmic desensitized receptors cannot be reutilized and may represent trapped intermediates derived from GR recycling. We have used the glucocorticoid antagonist RU486 to examine whether v-mos effects can be exerted on any ligand-bound GR. In the rat 6m2 cell line that expresses a temperature-sensitive p85gag-mos oncoprotein, RU486 is a complete antagonist and suppresses dexamethasone induction of metallothionein-1 mRNA at equimolar concentrations. Using indirect immunofluorescence, we observe efficient nuclear translocation of GR in response to RU486 treatment in either the presence or absence of v-mos oncoproteins. However, in contrast to the redistribution of agonist-bound nuclear receptors to the cytoplasm of v-mos-transformed cells, RU486-bound GRs are efficiently retained within nuclei. Interestingly, withdrawal of RU486 does not lead to efficient depletion of nuclear GR in either nontransformed or v-mos transformed cells. It is only after the addition of hormone agonist to RU486 withdrawn v-mos-transformed cells that GRs are depleted from nuclei and subsequently redistributed to the cytoplasm. Thus, only nuclear GRs that are agonist-bound and capable of modulating gene activity can be subsequently processed and recycled into the cytoplasm.